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Shum Laka
The archaeological site of Shum Laka is the most prominent rockshelter site in the Grasslands region of the Laka Valley, northwest Cameroon. Occupations at this rockshelter date to the Later Stone Age.〔Cornelissen, Els (2002) Human Responses to Changing Environments in Central Africa Between 40,000 and 12,000 B.P. ''Journal of World Prehistory'' 16(3):197-235.〕 This region is important to investigations of the development and subsequent diffusion of the Bantu culture.〔Lavachery, Philippe (2001) The Holocene Archaeological Sequence of Shum Laka Rock Shelter (Grasslands, Western Cameroon). ''African Archaeological Review'' 18(4):213-247.〕 The site of Shum Laka is located approximately 15 kilometers from the town of Bamenda, and it resides on the inner wall of the Bafochu Mbu caldera.〔Willoughby, Pamela (2006) ''The Evolution of Modern Humans in Africa: A Comprehensive Guide'', Rowman Altamira.〕 The deposits at Shum Laka include each phase of cultural development in the Grasslands.〔
==Geoarchaeology of Shum Laka==
The rockshelter itself at Shum Laka is approximately 50 meters wide at its greatest point and 20 meters deep.〔Lavachery, Philippe and Els Cornelissen (2000) Natural and Cultural Spatial Patterning in the Late Holocene Deposits of Shum Laka Rock Shelter, Cameroon. ''Journal of Field Archaeology'' 27(2):153-168.〕 Stratigraphic dating of surface and near surface deposits support occupations as early as 30,000 BP.〔 Geomorphological analysis determined that the rockshelter had been subjected to alluvial depositional events during the Holocene, but archaeological deposits remained mostly intact and in situ.〔Moeyersons, Jan (1997) Geomorphological Processes and their Palaeoenvironmental Significance at the Shum Laka cave (Bamenda, Western Cameroon). ''Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology'' 133:103-116.〕 Fluvial erosional processes at the site were determined to have had their greatest impact laterally, and thus not damaged contextual integrity between cultural occupations.〔 The importance of geoarchaeological investigations conducted at Shum Laka includes the construction of a reliable cultural chronology of the area, and an emphasis on the need to critically evaluate other rockshelter sites in the region.〔
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